Art Museum And Its Effects On Sexual History - 2572 Words

Attending the world s largest erotic art museum has encouraged me to view sexuality with a more opened minded perception. Sexuality is very diverse for instance, in the way sexual acts are performed and carried out. Historically, it seems that individuals are biologically and genetically programmed to seek out sexual behaviors with others. Either for the means of reproduction or their own personal pleasure, but one thing is very evident sex is pleasurable and enjoyable for most. However, cultural restraints have had the biggest effect on sexual history and throughout the museum that is a fundamental element of human sexuality that is apparent in the many paintings and sculptures. The entire collection properly displays sexuality through the race, culture, religion, political affiliations, and historical time. It was exhilarating to observe many artist viewpoints of sexual behavior. For instance, in the lithograph, titled Garden of Earthly Delights, by Hieronymous Bosch, in 1500 A.D. the portrait portrayed elements of the earth entwined with sexuality. A fascinating aspect is that humans and animals are sexual creatures, and the earth represents the land and the basis for which all sexual behaviors are carried on. It is also interesting that the piece not only represents behaviors occurring at day, but also at night, and the elements within the picture such as the colors utilized are very representative of the artist perception within the cultural norms of that time.Show MoreRelatedShort Story : N The Screen And Koons 1460 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood. Coming from a loving family, art and design was been present in his life from the start. His parents careers effected how he views the world and what he has done with the opportunities they gave to him. After attending Maryland Institute of College of Art and School of the Art Institute in Chicago, Jeff Koons career rapidly picked up while working at the MoMA after graduation. His work ranges from oversized s hiny toys to photographs of his sexual experiences with his lovers. Adam WeinbergRead MoreThe Issue Of Freedom Of Expression1277 Words   |  6 Pagesprotection. New questions constantly arise while old ones return. â€Å"Should flag burning be a crime? What about government or private censorship of works of art that touch on sensitive issues like religion or sexuality? Should pornography and obscenity be considered â€Å"free speech?† How should they be defined? In answering these questions, the history and the core values of the First Amendment should be our guide.† One very popular and controversial question that has been asked for years is â€Å"Should pornographyRead MoreThe Impact of Renaissance on the Present1204 Words   |  5 Pages Some of the more influential elements of everyday modern life are the result of cultural and societal changing events, which transpired throughout the years 1350-1600. During the period known today as the â€Å"Renaissance† (1350-1600), the world of art, the boundaries of marriage, and secular viewpoints were forever revolutionized, through the development and spread of â€Å"Renaissance Humanism†, which today, still affects modern day life. (Knox 1999) The Renaissance (1350-1600), named from the FrenchRead MoreThe Prevalence Of The Power Of Women1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the prehistoric and ancient times in human art history. By gaining more valuable and prominent meaning through the eras, women as a societal gender have increasingly advanced from being seen first as solely objects of maternality, to later seen as functioning and flourishing members of society. Through the analyzation of well known ancient art sculptures, such as The Venus of Willendorf that is on display at the Vienna Museum of Natural History in Austria, to the later Figure of Isis-AphroditeRead MoreThe Women Of Algiers, By Barbara T. Smith s Molting1112 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a woman shedding her femininity to reveal the true person underneath—undefined by gender associations such as glitter. Thus Molting portrays a significant change for women in the 20th century. Rather than focusing on the naked body as something sexual, Smith depicts her b ody as this raw, beautiful thing, coming out of it’s shell after so long of staying hidden. Identity Transfer 1 Rather than completely shedding her femininity, VALIE EXPORT, in her series titled Identity Transfer, embraces masculinityRead MoreUsf Contemporary Art Museum : Visit Museum1537 Words   |  7 PagesUSF Contemporary Art Museum : Visit Artwork Analysis Admission: FREE, but USF parking permits are required and available in the CAM parking lot. â€Å"Untitled #4† was created by Larry Bell in 1974. This artwork is found in USF Contemporary Art Museum in Tampa, Florida. It stands 84 x 42 inches tall. This is a series of five color screen print with flocking. This piece is a screen print painting. When I look at this work I saw a print of a nude distorted woman posing. The perception is manipulatedRead MoreGiuliano Bugiardini’s, Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, Northern vs. Southern1355 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance period had various effects on art which can be broken down and seen from Southern (Italian) and Northern paintings. With the renaissance, came disinterest in dogma, and more of a focus on naturalism and humanism. However, the strong influence of religion never left either the Northern or Southern art works, due to the commission by the church. Giuliano Bugiardini’s, Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, 1510, is a pristine depiction of what Southern European art during the renaissanceRead MoreIs the Portrayal of the Dinosaurs in the Movie and Book Accurate in Real Life901 Words   |  4 Pagesits (Dilophosaurus’) bite could have been poisonous due to bacteria developing in rotting meat in theropoddental serrations; bacte rial toxins help the Komodo dragon in killing their prey).† In the book, the Dilophosaurus showed sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism is the physical differences between males and females of the same species. (Example: color, size, shape, etc.) The Dilophosaurus were described as 10 feet tall and spotted with black and yellow. The underbellies were bright greenRead MoreDeborah Whaley s Black Women1423 Words   |  6 Pagesparts; and the angry sapphire. Within the male dominated comic art world, Deborah Whaley’s Black Women in Sequence: Re-inking Comics, Graphics Novels, and Anime offers a countervision on the Black body. Women, especially Black women may welcome the book as a confirmation that their story is recognized and represented. For this audience, Whaley will explore the historical, racial, and sexual representation of Black women in sequential art pointing out the imagined Black body through interracial relationshipsRead MoreFashion as fine art, American fashion photographer George Platt Lynes enjoyed a high reputation a t1600 Words   |  7 PagesFashion as fine art, American fashion photographer George Platt Lynes enjoyed a high reputation at the 30s or 40s, as the most famous fashion photographer, his photographs of human body, the casual style, action figures showing strong character traits, with an unusual gorgeous sheen. Although he also took images of female nude, but the real cause is that people resonate with his make nudes works. Its make nude photography, a form of passion in the male body fully exposed to even let people think

The Ethical Issue And Unethical Issue - 1684 Words

Lately, web theft or document sharing of copyrighted material has increased much prevalence. It is a theme that has unendingly started level headed discussion and has even gotten worldwide consideration. In spite of the fact that at first glance the demonstration of document sharing may appear to be innocuous, it is a long way from it. Every year, film and record generation organizations and in addition programming and computer game improvement organizations experience the ill effects of billions of dollars in lost benefits. This misfortune comes as an immediate consequence of web robbery. Numerous concur that document sharing is unscrupulous and consider it to be the same than out and out robbery. Then again, there are those that bolster document sharing and case that their activities are effortlessly supported and moral. This essay will give a brief review and history of record sharing, it will consider the contentions of every side, define the deference between ethical issue and u nethical issue and lastly will offer my own perceptions and position on the issue. Document sharing, put just, is the procedure of making accessible and dispersing records by means of the web. Numerous uninhibitedly created applications have been made accessible that streamline this procedure, giving the capacity to effectively hunt down, download, and transfer any bit of computerized substance possible. These applications are generally alluded to as P2P or Peer-to-peer applications as theyShow MoreRelatedEthical Decisions1017 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Decisions July 8, 2012 Ethical Decisions Every individual is faces with ethical decisions every day in both their personal and professional lives. To avoid making unethical decisions, one must know what leads to poor decision making. Once a person knows what leads to the poor decision, they must find ways to resist making an unethical act. A person cannot make the right choice if they do not know how to avoid it. A leader must also know how to inspire ethical decisions withinRead MoreEthical And Ethical Dilemmas Of An Ethical Culture That Can Prevent Unethical Behavior Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesManagement’s role in creating an Ethical culture that can prevent unethical behavior 1 Management’s role in creating an Ethical culture that can prevent unethical behavior. Author: Lereiya Edmonson Martin Class: MGMT 630 In any organization, there are rules and regulations employees must follow for it to run smoothly. Therefore, this paper gives five types of ethical dilemmas that can occur in a work setting, and it will also help you understand ethical dilemmas managers faced when making aRead MoreUnethical Decision : Unethical Decisions1167 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: In recent years, unethical decision in the workplace has caused varieties of problems and unnecessary cost in managing organizations. Therefore, it has become a serious issue in society and attracted the public attention. Individual characteristics, issue characteristics and organizational environment are the factors that can influence employees’ unethical decisions at work. In this article, the aim is to explain why unethical decisions result from individuals’ choice rather than workRead MoreEthical And Ethical Decision Making1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmore important than others, ethical decision making is a skill that has become increasingly pivotal. Jones states that a ‘moral issue is present where a person’s action, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others’ and defines ‘an ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally acceptable to the larger community’ (1991, p. 387). In order to create a company wide culture of ethics, employees must believe that the organization has a desire to be ethical and see proof of this fromRead MorePreventing Unethical Behavior in a Company1799 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction The relevance of ethical behavior within an organization cannot be overstated. Regardless of the obvious need for the establishment of a strong ethical foundation within the organization, some businesses seem to shy away from the implementation of firm ethical practices. The lack of a strong ethical foundation in this case may motivate some officers of such businesses to engage in unethical behavior which could in turn end up costing the entity dearly. In this text, I discussRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Workplace1494 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Issues in the Workplace Student’s Name Task 1 Helen is facing a big problem and challenge as well. This ethical concern can be termed as a challenge rather than a problem since it has not taken a side that can be considered as a problem. The challenge is evident and if the alteration of the financial statement to suit the demands of the customers. In the case Helen changes the document then she will have gone against accounting ethical codes. If she fails to adjust the financialRead MoreEthics And Legal Considerations : Strategic Management1086 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic planning to make decision. Ethical issues can arise in strategic management when a decision is made to advance goals that have negative consequences (Bianca, n.d.). Many times, these decisions are made for self-gain while not benefiting the company or its stakeholders. There are two approaches to organizational integrity. They are the compliance based approach and the integrity-based approach. The compliance-based ethics is a program for building an eth ical organization that has goals to preventRead MoreHow Do Family And Personal Issues Affect Leadership Performance?1293 Words   |  6 Pageshappens when the family and personal life is out of balance? Can it be linked to unethical behaviors at the workplace in leaders? Personal and family stresses can have an effect on leadership decision and critical thinking. If leadership or employees are dealing with family and personal issues outside of work, it can be difficult to manage workplace problems in sound and efficient manner. So how do family and personal issues affect leadership performance? Physiologists have referred personal and familyRead MoreEthical Conflicts : Teleological, Deontological And Contemporary Theories Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of ethical conflicts is mainly based on teleological, deontological and contemporary theories. ANALYSIS OF ETHICAL ISSUES Teleological theory is based on the consequence of an action and not about the action itself. It mainly focuses on the outcome an action will produce even though the action is unethical. If the outcome is ethical even when actions leading to it are unethical, then this theory is technological theory. It looks into the future if an action done. For example, a businessmanRead MorePrice Reduction And Unethical Purchasing Behaviour849 Words   |  4 Pageswill continue to investigate more on to what extend the price offers convinced customer to unethically purchase and abandon their ethical intention. As shown on figure 4.4.2, the mean scores tend to increase along with the increasing in the degree of price reduction of unethical products for both Thais and UK charts. This means that both nations tend to accept unethical garment if it offer a price reduction. Also, on every degrees of price saving, Thai have more tendency to buy unethically made cloth

Analyse the role of human activity in plant succession Free Essays

There are many factors that can affect a climax vegetation. These include climate, hydrology and soil type. Human activity also plays a major role. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse the role of human activity in plant succession or any similar topic only for you Order Now If succession is modified or interrupted by a human influence then a plagioclimax is reached. Human activities include grazing, burning and deforestation and these processes can be collectively known as arresting factors. A plant succession begins on bare ground with light-seeded grasses, legumes and flowering plants. Over time small trees, brush and briar thickets shade out the sun loving grasses. Ultimately, light-seeded trees shade out the brush and make conditions favourable for shade loving mast producers like oaks. Deforestation involves the cutting down, burning and damaging of forests. If the current rate of deforestation continues then the world’s rainforests will disappear completely within 100 years – causing unknown effects on global climate and eliminating a majority of plant and animal species currently alive on the planet. The reasons for deforestation are complex. It is mainly carried out for agricultural reasons, e.g. grazing cattle and planting crops. Poor farmers may chop down a small area (usually a few acres) and burn the trunks in a process known as ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. Cattle pastures often replace the rainforests in order to grow beef for the world market. Another type of deforestation is known as commercial logging. This is the cutting down of trees in order to sell off as timber and pulp. This process uses heavy machinery, such as bulldozers and road graders etc to remove trees and this is detrimental to the forest and plant successions overall. Competitive global marketing drives the need for money in economically challenged tropical countries. At national level, governments sell logging concessions to raise money for projects or to pay international debt. For example, Brazil had an international debt of $159 billion in 1995 on which it must make payments each year. Logging companies seek to harvest forest and make profits from sales of pulp and valuable hardwoods e.g. mahogany. This raises the money required in order to pay back some debts. A case study of an area where deforestation has affected succession is in the Philippines. For the past 50 years the Philippines has lost 2.4 acres of hardwood forest every minute leaving only 21% of forest cover. This has been due to increasing agriculture and illegal logging. Reports of deforestation-related declines in rainfall totals and disruption of rainfall regimes have also been reported for parts of the Philippines (Alfonso, pers. comm., 1988). During the 1960s there was considerable deforestation on Mount Apo, for instance, due to the establishment of coffee plantations; and the apparent result is increasing drought. The short-term gain of deforestation, i.e. the profit to be made, is all well and good but there have been a large number of adverse effects brought about by the removal of large areas of forest. The main effects are increased soil erosion (which leads to increased flooding in most areas), reduction in biodiversity, the Greenhouse Effect, reduced fertility of land in deforested areas and disruption of the hydrological cycle. Major roads are being built through the forest to provide easier access to the underground resources like iron and aluminium ores: more trees need to be removed to mine these commodities. Inhabitants of shanty towns around Major cities in Brazil are being encouraged to move to rural areas and more land has to be cleared to accommodate these people. In third world countries forests are cut down and used to provide firewood, since this is practically the only source of fuel available to people living there. There are also a large number of new markets opening which are set to increase the demand for products, which have their origin in the tropical rainforests. These include body creams, bath oils, sweets, fruits and nuts, but as these products come into greater demand the future of the forest will be more secure because to produce a large yield of these products a large number of trees need to be grown. About 16-20 million hectares of tropical rainforests are removed each year. When trees are removed no water gets transpired back into the atmosphere from the soil. Because of this there is reduced rainfall and surrounding areas of forest are threatened with dessication and faster soil erosion because the soil is no longer held together by moisture. Another recently discovered side effect of deforestation is that it may actually help to spread diseases like malaria and river blindness. Anopheles darlingi, a mosquito that effectively spreads malaria parasites, breeds in pools of water created in deforested land, open cast mines, and on eroded land after trees have been removed. Deforestation has favoured a population explosion for this species and up to a quarter of the people living along the Transamazon highway in Brazil are affected by malaria each year. However damaging to plant succession human activities can be, the effects provide excellent conditions in which for a secondary succession to take place. A secondary succession differs from a primary succession in that it occurs in an area where a community of plants and animals has recently been wiped out, i.e. the land is already suitable for a wide diversity of species to establish themselves on. A secondary succession can happen on an area of land where a forest fire or parasite wiped out a previous climax community or which has been disturbed in some way by humans e.g. deforestation or arable farming. A secondary succession takes place much more quickly than a primary succession for two main reasons, the most obvious one being that a suitable medium already exists for the new organisms to grow in, and the other being that some seeds or spores from the last plant community can still be present in the soil after the community is destroyed. This is a positive aspect as new plant species can grow and thrive. As well as big processes such as deforestation, humans can contribute to vegetation in smaller ways. There are now varied types of species in Britain due to human interferences, modification and management. Without interference vegetation would be typically temperate forest. Today, in Britain, there are no natural woodlands at all, only semi woodlands, and there is only 2% of that. In Spain the figure for natural woodland is 28% and Sweden has a 64% woodland covering. Other interferences have caused the introduction of foreign plants such as the rhododendron or sycamores. The rhododendron was in fact imported from Japan. Other introductions to this country include the rabbit, which was imported from Spain by the Normans. Urbanisation also causes damage to plant life. High demand for housing has caused the destruction of forest and woodland, especially in the north. A rising birth rate in the twentieth century called for an increase in housing, and this needed to be conducted as cheaply and effectively as possible. As a result, miles of forests were cut down in order for building to go ahead. This s detrimental to our health as well as destroying areas of natural beauty. . Recent investigations suggest that over a third of the world’s oxygen supply is produced by the rainforests, the only larger source being algae in the sea. So cutting down trees is very damaging to our well being. How to cite Analyse the role of human activity in plant succession, Papers

Evaluation of Canon’s Strategies free essay sample

The first part of this investigation involves an evaluation of the strategies used by Canon and the key factors for success. In order to being this review, it is first necessary to consider how the company has performed in recent years. Table 1 provided below provides an overall review of the organization’s performance in recent years. The data clearly suggests that Canon has made notable progress toward developing market share, revenues and profitability. In addition to reducing its debt to asset ratio in 2008, the organization also increased its stockholder equity to assert ratio. Table 1: Key Performance Indicators for Canon, 2004-2008 [pic] Data courtesy of: http://www. canon. com/ir/annual/2008/report2008. pdf Other indicators of Canon’s success are provided in Figures 1 and 2 below. These illustrations provide a review of net sales and ROE/ROA for 2003-2007. Figure 1: Net Sales for CanonFigure 2: ROE/ROA for Canon Data courtesy of: http://www. canon. com/ir/annual/2007/report2007. pdf With the realization that Canon has performed so well in recent years, it is pertinent to consider the specific areas which have promulgated success for the organization. A crucial review of the case information provided on the organization suggests that there are a number of pertinent strategy elements which have been pertinent to the success of the organization. In particular the organization has worked to develop a mission and vision which it has incorporated on all levels of its operations. The development of a guiding mission for the organization is essential for success (Henry 2007). Missions provide the foundation for the development of actionable processes which can be used for moving the organization toward specific goals (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008). In addition to developing a mission and vision which provided the organization with a directive for action, Canon also developed a firm strategy focused on attainable goals for operations. Specifically, the organization set the specific goal of obtaining 30 percent of the world market by the 1980s. Research regarding the current state of achieving this objective suggests that even though Canon has not been able to maintain a 30 percent market share in the industry, it has overcome competitor Xerox to become second only to Hewlett Packard. Figure 3 below provides a review of global market share for companies competing in Canon’s industry. Figure 3: Global Market Share for Canon and Competitors [pic] (Data courtesy of â€Å"Office electronics industry profile,† 2008, p. 12) The focus on a specific goal for the organization has clearly had an impact on outcomes for operations. By using this specific goal for development, Canon has been able to set clear, measurable objectives which can be evaluated by the organization to determine outcomes. Setting measurable goals is an important component of developing a strategic plan for the organization (Huang, 2009). Measurable goals are viewed as essential to the successful implementation of a strategic plan which provides significant results for the ongoing development of the organization. Another issue which appears to have had notable implications for the successful development of Canon is the use of specific core competencies to ensure the outcomes of operations. In addition to developing a strategic plan which provided clear and measurable objectives, the organization delineated specific core competencies which it has been able to optimize in order to coordinate its strategic objective and achieve its goals. A review of what has been noted regarding the use of core competencies suggests that core competencies can provide the organization with the ability to focus development in particular areas (Zook, 2007). This process, in turn, sets the stage for the development of management practice and shapes how the organization approaches the market and its competitors. Collis and Montgomery (2008) provide a more integral review of core competencies noting the importance of review intended core competencies in the context of the external environment in which an organization competes. As reported by these authors, organizations need to consider the external environment and competitors in developing core competencies. While it is evident that core competencies must meet the internal demands and capabilities of the organization, Collis and Montgomery assert that improper alignment of core competencies in light of competitors and the larger industry in which the organization operates will result in failure of core competencies to be effective. In developing its core competencies, Canon appears to have taken these issues into consideration. The specific outcomes in this area are witnessed by the fact that in the 1970s, Xerox held a majority market share, which it has subsequently lost to Canon. In the 1970s, Canon recognized that the formula for success being used by Xerox was not the same formula which it wanted to pursue in the development of its organization. In this context, Canon chose to pursue a different pathway for competitive development; one which enabled the company to synthesize its internal capabilities with the market environment to create a unique competitive advantage against its largest rival. Because of this process of developing particular core competencies for operations, Canon was able to maximize its internal capabilities and use this as a strategic advantage in the marketplace. In summarizing the overall approach used by Canon to develop its strategic plan and subsequent management processes, it seems reasonable to argue that Canon did more than just place words on paper to establish a foundation for the organization. Rather, the organization developed a comprehensive plan for vision, strategy and development which were implemented on every level of the organization’s operations. In addition to delineating the larger objectives for the organization, Canon developed all of the intermediate steps that would be needed to achieve these objectives. In doing so, the organization aligned all of its activities toward the achievement of the organization’s overall strategy. The development of strategy in this manner is commensurate with what scholars note about the strategic planning and management processes. Kaplan and Norton (2008) assert that the strategy planning and development processes for the organization often end in failure because of the inability of the organization to effectively execute its strategy. Further, these authors assert that strategy failure is common because of implementation problems which manifest as organizations attempt to make critical connections between strategy objectives and specific outcomes which will be achieved to ensure that objectives are reached. Placing this information into the case of Canon, it becomes evident that these issues did not arise. Rather than struggling to implement, the organization developed to tools and resources needed to effectively ensure that it built a foundation which would enable success. It is this specific process which has enabled the success of Cannon. When strategy development is formulated as more than just specific words on paper the end result is the development of a strategic plan which provides concrete action steps for the organization to take. With these action steps in place, the organization is better poised to control the development of the strategic plan and its implementation (Neilson, Martin Powers, 2008). This element of control in the strategic planning process has been noted to be an important contributor to the success of strategic implementation. When control is established in the strategic planning process, the organization is able to dictate the specific changes which will occur and respond to outcomes in a manner that is commensurate with the capabilities of the company and responsive to the specific external environment which will impact the outcomes of operations. What Other Companies Can Learn With a basic review of the success of Canon in the development of its strategy provided, it is now possible to consider what, if anything, can be learned by other companies from this case. In examining the development and outcomes of Canon, it becomes evident that the specific protocols and practices which have been used by the organization to achieve success should not be mimicked by other companies. Even though Canon has been quite successful in its efforts to develop its products and services, the reality is that other companies cannot expect to use the same formula for success and to achieve the same outcomes achieved by Canon. Other companies have attempted to use this approach in the past—i. . Circuit City, K-Mart, etc. Even though mimicking another organization may provide some benefits in the short-term, the reality is that the outcomes achieved will not provide an organization with a long-term foundation for development. Even though companies examining the case of Canon may not be able to use the same specific tactics employed by the organization, Canon did employ a number of general models for strategic planning and development which could be considere d by other organizations. In particular, the development of core competencies for operations is an important tool which other companies could consider for success. An examination of models for the development of core competencies in the organization suggests that companies need to begin with a core strategy for the development of their operations. Once this core strategy has been delineated, it is then possible to articulate specific areas of organizational development by attaching them directly to the core strategy. Figure 4 on the following page provides a generic model of how core competency development for the organization has been conceptualized in for translation of core competencies into organizational practice. The application of this model to the development of core competency planning for the organization would serve as the foundation for the development of the basic ideas which could then be used for the further development of the organization. Based on the specific core competencies decided upon by the organization, a formal strategic plan for organizational development could be implemented. This plan would need to reflect the development of measurable goals to ensure the overall success of achieving core competencies. Figure 4: Generic Model for Core Competency Planning [pic] Image courtesy of: http://www. ulv. edu/cbpm/business/img/mba_exp_graphic. jpg Once the core competencies for the organization have been delineated, it will then be possible for companies to consider the development of a strategic plan. Examining the specific steps used by Canon, it becomes evident that solid advice for planning and development in this area are provided in the case. In addition to developing a driving vision and mission, the organization also implemented critical success factors which enabled the organization to formulate goals. The goals were codified in the context of action steps which provided a concrete foundation for the organization to achieve success. All of these issues were supported by the core competencies established by the organization. Figure 4 below provides a review of this process and demonstrates how other organizations could effectively adopt this process to generate success in their strategic planning and management processes.

Methods Of Recovering Energy From Waste An Environmental Sciences Essay Example

Methods Of Recovering Energy From Waste An Environmental Sciences Essay Biomass ( waste ) energy is progressively pulling attending worldwide because it is a renewable beginning of energy and potentially CO2 impersonal. At present, most waste stuffs are converted into electricity frequently by burning. Waste burning is widely applied for territory warming and combined heat and power for electricity coevals. This study describes waste, waste decrease and intervention ordinances in Europe every bit good as different types of waste generated, an overview of waste to energy engineerings applied throughout the universe today. Energy from waste has been evaluated based on their ability to cut down the emanation of pollutant into the ambiance. In order to extenuate clime alteration which is deriving increasing consciousness, recent developments of different engineerings that have been able to treat waste to bring forth heat and power with high efficiencies can be considered to be the most feasible option to replace fossil fuels. 2 Introduction Due to the lifting cost and the ecological disadvantages of fossil fuels, there as been concerns about the hereafter of energy supply in the universe. Harmonizing to the World Energy Council, dodo fuel covers about 82 % of the universe s energy. And this has caused terrible amendss for the environment in footings of nursery emanations, sea degree rise, air pollution, etc. Furthermore, as the World continues to see globalisation, rapid industrialisation and technological promotion, it will surely acquire to a point, where supply of these fossil fuels will non run into demand. Therefore, it is imperative to happen an alternate beginning of energy ( Soetaert and Vandamme, 2006 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Methods Of Recovering Energy From Waste An Environmental Sciences specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Methods Of Recovering Energy From Waste An Environmental Sciences specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Methods Of Recovering Energy From Waste An Environmental Sciences specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Research and development of renewable beginnings of energy and energy from biomass is expected to be of huge benefit to the society as it reduces the concentration of C dioxide in the ambiance and it is non exhaustible. Biomass is a major beginning of biologically derived bio fuels ( bio-ethanol ) and biogas. This is well going a world in energy/electricity coevals. Biomass can be burnt straight to bring forth heat or electricity, or it can be converted into solid, liquid or gaseous fuel through agitation procedure into intoxicant and anaerobiotic digestion into biogas. There are many environmental and societal benefits associated with biomass energy. These include decrease in CO2 degrees, energy bearers to rural communities, waste control, etc. ( Calbe, Bajay, Rothman and Harry, 2000 ) . Biomass natural stuffs for energy coevals includes the first coevals feedstocks i.e. energy harvests ( maize, sugar cane, wheat, etc ) and the 2nd coevals feedstock chiefly lignocellulosic stuffs ( wood and agricultural residues ) . Hence, utilizing biomass as a replacement for fossil fuels is sustainable and good. However, there have been contentions on the usage of human nutrient ( energy harvest ) for energy coevals particularly in developing states where there is deficit of nutrient. Hoffert et Al. ( 2002 ) , Dismiss the usage of biomass for energy, others take the opposite position ( Dewulf and Langenhove 2006 ) . To this consequence, energy recovery from waste can be an economical feasible option. 3 Wastes 3.1 Definition Waste arises as a consequence of human technological development and societal activities. The Uk s Environmental Protection Act 1990 indicated waste includes any substance which constitutes a scrap stuff, an wastewater or other unwanted excess originating from the application of any procedure or any substance or article which requires to be disposed of which as been broken, worn out, contaminated or otherwise spoiled, this is supplemented with anything which is discarded otherwise dealt with as if it were waste shall be presumed to be waste unless the reverse is proved. Murphy et Al. ( 2002 ) defined waste as a stuff with no farther beneficial usage. The figure below shows the Conventional illustration of the EU Legal definition of waste 3.2 EU WASTE FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE The Directive requires all Member States to take the necessary steps to guarantee that waste is recovered or disposed of without jeopardizing human wellness or doing injury to the environment and includes permitting, enrollment and review demands. The Directive besides requires Member States to take appropriate steps to promote foremost, the bar or decrease of waste production and its injuriousness and secondly the recovery of waste by agencies of recycling, re-use or renewal or any other procedure with a position to pull outing secondary natural stuffs, or the usage of waste as a beginning of energy ( Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2009 ) . 3.3 UK WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY The UK Waste Policy is developed from the thought of sustainable development. This policy promote recreation from landfills by enforcing high revenue enhancement levies on landfill site, cut down the sum of waste produced by the commercial sector, and finally promote re-use and recycling of stuffs. 3.4 WASTE HIERARCHY Figure 3.1 Waste hierarchy 3.5 TYPES OF WASTE Municipal Solid Waste Hazardous/Radioactive Waste Sewage Sludge Medical/Clinical Waste Agricultural Waste Industrial and Commercial Waste Other Waste e.g. building and destruction industry waste, mines and quarry waste and power station ash, Fe and steel scorias ( Williams, 1999 ) . There are besides two different sorts of component fraction in a waste watercourse ; The Organic fraction i.e. Biodegradable and the Inorganic fraction. 3.5.1Municipal Solid Waste This is composed of/includes chiefly household waste, with commercial and trade waste which is collected or disposed of by a municipality within an country. The composing of MSW watercourse varies, depending upon socio-economic factors, geographical locations, clime, population denseness and degree of industrialisation etc. for illustration in US and other industrialised states where value is placed on clip, consumers have adapted to the outlook of utilizing disposable at all times, thereby driving packaging and wrapping engineerings to a new degree, in add-on with the decayable waste from nutrient materials. The energy fraction contained in stuffs of this type of waste watercourse can be between 75 to 90 % . Whereas in less developed states where the waste watercourse is composed dominantly of decayable fraction i.e. groceries, veggie and organic stuffs with infinitesimal packaging stuffs, the energy content will be much lower ( Murphy, 2002 ) . Topographic point Sum OF MSW Kumasi, Ghana 365000 metric tons in 2006 China 180 million metric tons expected for 2010 United kingdom 34 million metric tons in 2007/2008 USA 190 million metric tons in 2009 Australia 43.8 million metric tons in 2006/2007 Ontario 267000 metric tons in 2007 Table 3.1 Average sum of MSW generated in different portion of the universe Data from Thermal Processing of Waste, J C Jones 2010 Fig 3.2 Municipal solid waste disposal tracts in US Data from US EIA 2010 3.5.2 Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste is waste which contains substances that are considered to be unsafe to wellness and society. This includes substances which are reactive, infective, harmful, toxic and caustic etc. illustrations are chemicals such as, H nitrile, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid etc. explosives such as dynamite, ammo etc. H2O reactive chemicals such as K, phosphoric, sodium hydride etc. In USA, estimate arisings of jeopardy waste is 275 million metric tons, UK 4.5 million metric tons, Germany 6 million metric tons, Spain 1.7 million metric tons ( Williams, 1999 ) . 3.5.3 SEWAGE SLUDGE Sewage Sludge is normally generated at the waste H2O intervention installation. It is a byproduct of the intervention of natural sewerage from domestic families, which may besides include commercial and industrial waste. The sewerage is composed chiefly of H2O, but after intervention, the wet stuff is concentrated to organize sewerage sludge ( Williams, 1999 ) . They are solid, semi-solid or bio solid in nature. Harper-Collins Dictionary of Environmental Science defines Sewage Sludge as a semi-solid mixture of bacteriums, virus-laden organic affair, toxic metals, man-made organic chemicals, and settled solids removed from domestic and industrial waste at sewerage intervention workss. ( Renewable Energy Institute ) The sewerage sludge intervention undergoes both aerophilic and anaerobiotic digestion and the concluding treated sewerage sludge is either land filled, spread on land as fertilisers or incinerated. Recent developments have shown that biogas can be produced during anaerobi otic digestion. 3.5.4 CLINICAL WASTE Clinical Waste is chiefly produced/waste originating from wellness Centres, infirmaries and nursing places etc. Examples include drugs, panpipes, acerate leafs, blood, human or carnal tissue etc. Approximately 0.3 1000000s metric tons of clinical waste arises in the UK yearly. Majority of clinical waste are incinerated ( Williams, 1999 ) . 3.5.5 AGRICULTURAL WASTE Agricultural waste is godforsaken watercourses by and large produced from agricultural activities. They are produced within agricultural premises and they include organic stuffs such as slurry, manure from farm animal, silage wastewater and harvest residues. It is estimated that about 700 million metric tons of agricultural waste is produced in OECD states. UK besides produces big tunnage, 80 million metric tons estimated from housed farm animal entirely ( Williams 1999 ) . 3.5.6 INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL WASTE These are types of waste watercourse that arises from both industrial and commercial sectors such as hotels and catering, nutrient, drink and baccy fabrication industries, metal fabrication industries, lumber and wooden furniture industries, mechanical and electrical industries, conveyance and communicating industries etc. The typical composing of this waste streams differs and really broad. A study carried out by Environmental Agency of some 4,500 commercial and industrial concerns in England in 2002/2003 showed that commercial waste amounted to 30 million metric tons and industrial waste 38 million metric tons ( meitnerium ) . In that study, the chief sectors bring forthing C A ; I wastes were retail ( 12.7mt ) , nutrient, drink and baccy ( 7.2mt ) , professional services and other ( 7.1mt ) , public-service corporations ( 6.2mt ) , the chemicals industries ( including fiber, gum elastic and plastics ) ( 5.3mt ) , basic metal industry ( 4.8mt ) and hotels/catering ( 3.4mt ) ( Defra, commercial and industrial waste in England, 2009 ) . 4 ENERGY RECOVERIES FROM WASTE TECHNOLOGIES Energy is recovered from waste either through thermic burning or biological/chemical reactions. The energy recovery procedure produces electricity straight through burning, or produces man-made and combustible fuel i.e. methane. 4.1 Incineration Incineration with energy recovery is the controlled burning of waste and it is the most broad spread waste to energy execution. It involves the burning of waste watercourses at high temperatures and the heat produced can be used to drive a turbine in order to bring forth electricity and territory warming. Waste stuffs or fuel are fed into incinerators in two ways, the mass fired/burning systems and decline derived fuel ( RDF ) fired systems. The mass firing involves minimum processing ; the full assorted municipal solid waste is fed into a furnace without any removal/separation of reclaimable and non combustible stuffs. For RDF fired engineerings, MSW undergoes pre-treatment, separation of non-combustible and reclaimable stuff which is known as RDF. RDF fired systems has a higher energy content compared to unrefined MSW because of its homogeneousness ( Tchobanoglous, Thiesen and Vigil, 1993 ) . There are assorted types of incinerator works design: moving grating, fixed grating, rotary-kiln, and fluidized bed incinerator. 4.1.1 Traveling Grate This can besides be called Municipal Solid Waste incinerators. The traveling grating enables the motion of waste by a waste Crane at one terminal of the grating through the burning chamber to the ash cavity at the lower terminal. The burning air is supplied through the grating prevarication below. Cooling of the grating itself is indispensable for the mechanical strength of the grating. One individual traveling grate boiler can manage 35 metric metric tons of waste per hr, and 8,000 hours per twelvemonth. 4.1.2 Fixed Grate This is a simpler type of incinerator. It is made of a brick lined compartment with a fixed metal grating above the lower ash cavity, with one gap for burden and another gap in the side for taking noncombustible solids known as cinders. 4.1.3 Rotary kiln It is largely used by municipalities and big industrial workss. Rotary kiln incinerators have 2 Chamberss, primary and secondary chamber. In the primary chamber, motion and transition of solid fraction of the waste to gases and partial burning occurs while the secondary chamber completes the gas stage burning reactions. 4.1.4 Fluidized Bed Fluidized Bed Combustion ( FBC ) is a burning engineering used in power workss. FBC developed from attempts to happen a burning procedure that is able to command pollutant emanations. Advanced fluidized bed burning offers a feasible power coevals technique. In fluidized bed burning, a strong air flow is forced through a sand bed, which keeps the waste suspended on wired air currents and takes on fluid like character. Due to the turbulent commixture, the waste and sand are to the full circulated through the furnace. 4.2 BALDOVIE WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT The Baldovie waste to energy works is a province of the art installation commissioned in Dundee in 1999, to replace a waste disposal incinerator due to its inability to run into EU demands on emanations. The works is run by a joint venture between Dundee metropolis council and private sector spouses. The joint venture is jointly called Dundee energy recycling limited ( DERL ) . The works processes 120,000 metric tons of waste yearly and generates electricity to run into its ain demand ( about 2.2MW ) and besides supply to the populace ( about 8.8MW ) . Separation techniques carried out before burning removes and recovers ferric metals which can be resold ( Gazetteer for Scotland, 2010 ) . 4.3 LANDFILL GAS CAPTURE Landfill is a waste disposal site where waste is deposited onto or into the land. When waste is deposited, it undergoes assorted debasement procedure which produces gas chiefly methane. Modern landfills have gas recovery systems, where the landfill gas is extracted and can be used for production of steam, heat and electricity ( Dewulf and Langenhove 2006, p.248 ) 4.4 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Anaerobic intervention engineerings are used throughout the universe for effectual intervention of organic waste. This engineering is peculiarly attractive because the energy required for runing the procedure is minimum compared to energy required for aerophilic procedure. Anaerobic digestion is a complex biogenic procedure which involves the microbic debasement or transition of organic waste in a closed reactor vas ( absence of air ) to bring forth gas chiefly methane ( 55-65 % ) , CO2 ( 35-45 % ) , and hint sums of N2, H2 and H2S, depending on factors such as the composing of waste, organic burdens applied to the digester, clip and temperature. The methane-rich biogas which can be combusted to bring forth heat and electricity In general anaerobiotic digestion is considered to happen in three phases: A ] Liquefaction or polymer dislocation ; B ] Acid formation ; and C } Methane formation Substrates for anaerobiotic digestion includes waste H2O from nutrient processing, breweries, distilleries etc. sewerage sludge, carnal waste, farm residues. 4.5 GASIFICATION AND PYROLYSIS Gasification is defined as a partial oxidation/combustion of biomass and assorted combustible waste/carbonaceous fuels to bring forth gas. This gas can be used in internal burning engines and gas turbines to bring forth electric power. Pyrolysis is a thermic procedure which involves the dislocation of organic stuffs in waste under force per unit area in the absence of O. The pyrolysis procedure produces a liquid residue and gas which can be combusted to bring forth electricity. The chief difference between the two systems is that, pyrolysis system use an external beginning of heat to drive the endothermal pyrolysis reaction in an O free environment, whereas gasification systems are self-sustainable and utilize air or O for partial burning of solid province ( Tchobanoglous, Thiesen and vigil 1993 ) . 5 Decision Energy from waste has been evaluated based on their ability to cut down the emanation of pollutant into the ambiance, minimise waste, and generate heat and power. With the recent development of different engineerings that have been able to treat waste to bring forth energy with high efficiencies, waste to energy engineerings can be considered to be feasible substitute/option for fossil fuels for electricity coevals and besides in minimizing of waste accretion.

Tame Valley Essay

Tame Valley Essay Tame Valley Essay OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY The Tame Valley has a wide variety of habitats that host a rich diversity of wildlife and rare species. This regionally important river corridor is also a vital north-south migration route, providing essential resting and feeding places for hundreds of migrating birds. The Tame Valley is recognised as a key place for large area conservation and partnership working, and part of a ‘Living Landscape’. The Partnership is led by Warwickshire Wildlife Trust and supported by 18 organisations, which includes government agencies, local councils, non-governmental organisations and charities. The Tame Valley Wetlands Partnership was awarded development funding of 1.7million from the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) to progress the Tame Valley Wetlands Landscape Partnership Scheme (TVWLPS) – a large, landscape-scale scheme with local people, the River Tame and the area’s wealth of heritage at its heart. The scheme began in the second half of 2014 and it will run for four years. The scheme will officially launch with a new fresh brand in March 2015. To create a wetland landscape, rich in wildlife and accessible to all, this will be achieved by taking a landscape-scale approach to restoring, conserving and reconnecting the physical and cultural landscape of the Tame Valley. By re-engaging local communities with the landscape and its rich heritage, a sense of ownership, understanding and pride will be nurtured to ensure a lasting legacy of restoration and conservation. To achieve this vision, four aims have been identified, which reflect the four themes of the Heritage Lottery Fund’s Landscape Partnership funding stream, as well as the overarching aims of the Partnership. The four principal aims are to: 1. Conserve, enhance and restore built and natural heritage features in order to improve the fragmented and degraded landscape of the Tame Valley. Emphasis will be given to linear features such as the River Tame and its floodplain, the canal corridor and historic hedgerows. 2. Reconnect the local community with the Tame Valley landscape and its heritage by engaging and involving people of all ages, backgrounds and abilities with their local green spaces, sites of heritage interest and the conservation and restoration of these places. Emphasis will be given to engaging hard-to-reach groups, community-led initiatives and delivering events and activities. 3. Improve access and learning for local people – both physical access on and between sites and intellectual access on and off site through a range of resources. This includes development of the ‘Tame Way’, themed trails, and a Gateway to the Tame Valley interpretation centre and website. 4. Provide training opportunities for local people by offering taster sessions, short courses, award schemes and certificates in a range of heritage and conservation topics, in order to increase the skill and knowledge levels within the local population and provide a lasting legacy. Currently, the organization has 35 different projects categorised under four different programmes. All the projects will run in the next 4 years, year 1 having started in 2014-2015. Programme A – Creating and restoring built and natural heritage A2: Turret Restoration. Project Aim is to improve the condition and appearance of this structure, to ensure that it remains in a good condition and stays visually and structurally sound into the future. It will be running in Year 3, but the duration has not been mentioned yet. Programme B – Increasing community participation B1: Heritage Events. Project Aim is to deliver an engaging programme of events (the delivery of one major heritage event a year - in years 2,3 and 4), focussing on natural heritage and traditional heritage skills. It will run from Year 2 to 5 (between 2015 and 2018). B3: Environmental Volunteering. Project Aim is to engage local volunteers in the management and restoration of sites of natural heritage interest within the TVWLPS area. Year 1 to

Sports Event Sponsorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sports Event Sponsorship - Essay Example Although the benefits for an event management company are the profits, more benefits are gained by the sponsors. Due to this, the popularity of sponsorship events is increasing. Sponsorship is now seen as the new marketing tool. This is because it can overcome communication barriers that media advertising cannot (Walliser, 2003). In addition to this, sponsorship marketing can access unlimited target audience. The most popular corporate sponsorship is seen in sports events. Through sports events, corporations can reach a large number of audiences and can also target their brands according to the type of sports and the events. The aim of this research is to evaluate the importance of corporate sponsorships for sporting events and how can event management companies attract sponsors for such events. The recommendations derived from the research will be given to both the corporations and event management companies so that both gain more benefits. The data collection methods used to accomplish this research include primary and secondary methods. The primary research will be conducted through semi-structured interviews of corporations and event management companies. ... Different occasions are being celebrated around the world on daily basis. People especially the organizations find it difficult to plan an occasion or an event thus give this responsibility over to someone who can perform it well. Thus, event planning started. As the growth of different events and occasions started in the world, an events industry was formed (Bowdin et al. 2006). Now-a-days, the event planning industry has evolved and changed as compared to what it was in the past. According to Ash (2006) as the trends in event planning kept changing over the time and the industry began to grow, many organizations outsource their company events to the event planning agencies that offer a complete management package from the starting point to the end point. The formation of the event industry has been led by the globalization of markets and communication affecting the trends and nature of the events industry (Bowdin et al. 2006). According to Allen (2008) the event planning industry now includes professional event management organizations that plan corporate events, social events and weddings. The industry also includes the independent event planners, incentive houses, meeting planners (Allen, 2002). This event planning industry has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry globally. Preparing for an event and organizing everything has been compared to the direction of a movie where once an event starts there is no turning back (Allen, 2008). Sponsorship According to Walliser (2003), a proper definition of sponsorship does not exist but it usually taken as a strategic corporate giving. Companies now incorporate their sponsoring activities into their marketing plan which has made it a strategic marketing tool (Ferrand & Pages, 1999). Sponsorship management

Oil Production In Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oil Production In Saudi Arabia - Essay Example With these statistics, it is undeniably true that Saudi Arabia’s contribution in the energy industry position’s herself as key player in the global economy. This paper therefore discusses the oil production in Saudi Arabia through understanding its history and development over the years. Statistics derived from organization of the petroleum countries (OPEC) in 2014 showed that Saudi Arabia’s value of exports from petroleum related products to be about $ 321, 723 million, and its current crude oil reserves standing at 265,789 million barrels. In a whole ,oil related products, natural gas reserves constitute about 8317 billion cubic meters. Pushed by the demand for oil of about 1000 barrels per day , Saudi Arabia has increased its production capacity to be about 9637 barrels per day; this is about 2507 barrels per calendar day refinery capacity. Last year, Saudi Arabia’s export earnings came from natural gas with 100030 million cubic meters exported globally (Bronson, 56). Before Saudi Arabia controlled its oil industry, the first king of Saudi Arabia Abd al Aziz Ibn Abd granted oil concession in 1923 to British investment groups who exploited, and utilized the concession granted. It is after the discovery of first oil reserve in 1938 that the concession agreement was changed to Aramco’s concession. It allowed an equal haring of profits between the company and the government on a fifty-fifty basis. With the discovery of large quantities of oil reserves in 1945, the use of pipeline was in evitable. The trans-Arabian pipeline company came into existence owned by Aramco’s group. After completion of the Tapline pipeline in 1950, it did collect oils from fields, and it was able to handle 480, 000 barrels per day. Tapline continued to operate with a number of challenges coming from within and externally and in 1982; it was forced to stop its operations in Saudi Arabia (Branson, 45). After 1982 and

Influence of Winthrop and Hobbes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Influence of Winthrop and Hobbes - Essay Example Hobbes also espouses ideas concerning equality stating that despite people living in different conditions in life, nature has made all men equal and because of this, no one should be superior to another. A result of the viewpoints espoused by these individuals is that they have become an essential part of developing a system of governance that not only embraces democracy but also guarantees the rights of all individuals in society. When one makes a study of Winthrop and Hobbes’ works, one will find that they are quite similar to the modern conventions concerning human rights as well as the rights of children. Hobbes states that all men have the liberty to do as they wish and this is an ability which has been given to them by nature and as a result it an inalienable right.   All men have control over their own lives and they can do everything that they believe is right according to their own judgment, thus ensuring that they remain completely free. An echo of Hobbes’ sentiments appears in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) which also declares that all human beings are born equal in dignity and in rights and that they are free to do what they think is right according to their own conscience. This declaration shows Hobbes’ influence on it despite its having been written some four hundred years before the UDHR was formally declared and implemented. This belief in the right of a ll men to equality as well as is based on a belief that human liberty has its origins in nature and that no man has the right to deny others the right to choose what they want to do with their lives.

Internet Advertising: Comparison of Nigeria and Hungary

Internet Advertising: Comparison of Nigeria and Hungary Abstract Despite the marginal difference between Nigeria and Hungary, the internet develops a relationship that can be exploited. Internet users of both countries are dominated by youths, and thus are the most accessible to internet ads. Internet advertising also termed online advertising or internet marketing or web advertising is simply the making available of advertising messages and marketing communication through the internet via the web. Internet advertising which was introduced several years after traditional advertising (banners) in the 1990s now suppresses all other advertising medias and hence constitutes a significant channel for the majority of firms. These firms range from small to big sizes, national and multinational, service providing to manufacturing enterprises (Restaurants to ship manufacturing agencies). Internet advertising now shares a position in the context of marketing communication strategy planning and implementation. It is vital for organizations considering internet marketing strategy to effectively associate each component reason being that, with the global market place, it is important for entrepreneurs and marketers to be critical of what is most beneficial and meets their needs to the internet marketing strategy intended for use. Byusing the standard advertising program process as a base,it is simple to outline the characteristics of the Internet which abusiness must take into consideration when planning a Web advertisingcampaign (Kotler, 1997). Without trying to dispute earlier findings in this thesis, the work presented attempts in it own way to highlight some comparative ideas of internet advertising between Nigeria and Hungary thus stating the aims of this paper based on internet users social context on the effectiveness of internet advertisement. By using primary material from books and other sources, the idea of internet advertisement is identified. And by considering other publication, some conclusions are generated for the better understanding of this piece. By examining the topic of this thesis, its extensive nature is revealed. Three fields of study are mentioned and are dealt with accordingly -Marketing, information technology, and advertisement (internet advertising). As broad as each of these could be, the presentation is quite short and straight to the most essential. The study depicts the differences in the attitude of internet users to ads. The analysis obtained from input sources reveal a significant relationship between the type of activities of users through which they come into contact with internet ads in each of the two countries (Nigeria and Hungary). 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of Study The growth in Internet Advertising has paved its way and settles comfortably in the global world of business due to internet innovations. Further more its effects, impact and usefulness can be observed social aspect of human activities thereby creating greater opportunities for a more developed and diversified recreation. The Internet or World Wide Web has quickly become the most effective way for businesses to advertise their products or services to expected consumers. Some Web sites such sell advertisement space for sponsoring and by so doing they profit highly from the increase of advertising on the Internet. The number of people with internet access and internet services is growing continuously at a geometric rate and with internet advertisement potential customers can view these advertisements thereby contributing to the maximum level of business profits. Recent studies on internet advertising focus more on empirical works as well as theoretical structures there by investigating the role of some factors in the success of internet advertising, none the less it is necessary to present some significant measures employed in this thesis to quantify advertising effectiveness. According to Pavlou and Steward (2000), advertisement has a direct effect to consumers and therefore considered as an independent variable while consumer response is the dependent variable. They further explain the nature of the highly interactive environments taking into account other factors such as online context in which advertisement takes place in order to render this study more insightful. Incorporated here are many aspects of internet advertisement context as types of internet activities and users social context in the study of responses to internet advertisement. Internet advertising is rapidly growing and advertisements have become more apparent in our Internet usage. When advertising on the Internet, both the businesses and the web sites (search engines) profits. Businesses profit from the use of internet advertising by minimizing cost compared to standard advertising which is a lot more expensive. Internet advertising raises awareness, conveys advertisers messages and enhances brand perceptions and with greater advertisement exposure inflicts even greater impact. Responds to this advertisement differs considerably by different individual in different Geographical locations and cultural background. An AdHoc study conducted by Gemius in cooperation with Sanoma Budapest proves that most Internet users in Hungary have a positive attitude towards online advertising. Moreover it shows what their behavior is like in response to online advertising and the perceived image of the advertised companies. The respondents were also evaluating different formats of advertisements in the survey, indicating the ones that they know best and the favorite ones. The research was conducted on the Internet in the form of a pop-up survey (random sampling) on May 2006. 67% of the respondents declared that they accept online advertisements as the price for free access to web sites. (International Operations Department, Press release June 30, 2006) Internet usage in Nigeria is an important issue with the average student using 10.5 hours per week and the total population averaging 3.5 hours per week. Internet usage in Nigeria has consistently grown to 11million internet users as of June 2009 according to the International Communication Union (ITU) report. Various types of broadband bring the internet to our door steps such as Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ASDL), Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), cable broadband, wireless, satellite, Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) etc With the accession of the internet, came an easier method of communication, transmission of information to the public and hence the rise of the internet advertisement. Advertising on the Internet can be viewed as a social contract between advertisers and Internet users. Every individual comes across advertising through multiple channels; either outdoor: through fliers, bill boards etc or indoor: through the internet, A reason why todays market is highly dominated by advertising. Based on the fact that we live in a globalized world, advertising is recognized in every country in its own structure with respect to its culture, consumer demand or requirements. 1.2 Aims and objectives This thesis outlines and compares how internet users in Nigeria and Hungary respond to internet advertisements with focus on the technical aspects, social networking and simple basic adverts in websites. In addition I am searching for various answers and perceptions of what people from these different countries think about these adverts and the effect it has on them in a cultural perspective considering the fact that both cultures are not only socially different but economical and educational as well. In the first part of this study, I am researching how technical aspects, such as social networking and website adverts in Nigeria and Hungary. It is followed by an evaluation of how Nigerians and Hungarians respond to internet in the second part. The third part focuses on a research for: the changes the internet brings in Nigeria and Hungary for example is the internet improving industries such as the banking sector or being an important educational tool for students? Is it the centre of attention for businesses? Finally, the fourth part is the conclusion drawn based on the findings of the aforementioned research. 2 Literature review Under the literature review, I will be considering a thorough review of the already existing literature on the subject of internet advertising which is highly important for the continual understanding of the sections in this thesis. Picking the pieces and fitting them together I will build a concrete piece on the above mentioned topic starting with defining the parts that make up our topic, considering the social and technical aspect of the internet, advertising and last but not the least marketing. 2.1 The internet The birth of the internet did not come as a surprise, may be to the common man in the streets but definitely not for the scientist who had been expecting something new, fresh, cheap and friendlier. It emerged in the early 1960s as a way for the US department of defense to create a secure means of communication in case of uncertainties. It evolved from Advance Research Agency (ARPA) in 1969 to ARPANET for the civilian sector and MILNET (military network) â€Å"(Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001)†. In the 1980s ARPANET was renamed National science Foundation Network (NSFNET). The progress of this development proceeded in 1989 with the creation of a more efficient way of sharing information by defining the Hypermedia Protocol (HTTP- Hypertext Transfer Protocol) which is the standard addressing format URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and the programming language HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) which has become the basis of World Wide Web (WWW) which is universal and the most used part of the internet to access multimedia e.g. text documents, graphics, videos etc â€Å"(Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001)†. In 1993, a team led by Marc Anderson developed a new piece of software called â€Å"Mosaic† as the first internet browser after which other browsers were introduced, like internet explorer by Microsoft which became the most prominent â€Å"(Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001)†. After these developments, todays internet has not only brought technology but also affects the way things are done world wide. It is continuously changing to the extent that it has taken almost all diversification and stems all changes in world business, revolutionarising the way business is done, the concepts between business and consumers. 2.2 Overview of the general background of advertising Advertising is a collective term for public announcements designed to promote the sale of specific products or services. It is a form of mass selling, employed when the use of direct, person-to-person selling is impractical, impossible, or simply inefficient. Advertising techniques range in complexity from the publishing of simple notices in the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to integrated marketing communications, involving the concerted use of advertising in newspapers, magazines, television, and radio, and on the internet which is our main focus. Advertising dates back to the Christian era. Advertisements transited from the outdoor signs as paintings on wall of buildings that were very sight captivating to company trade marks which were two or three dimensional picture or signs in the 16th centuries. Around the 1880s, there came Mail orders and pamphlets and in late19th century, many American firms began to market packaged goods under brandnames. Previously consumers had not been aware of or influenced by brand names. The first product that had brand name was soap products. In the 1880s a fewbrands came out and they were Ivory, Pears, Sapolio, Colgate, Kirks AmericanFamily and Packers. Not long after brands such as Royal baking powder, Quakeroats, Bakers chocolate, Hires root beer, regal shoes, etc were nationally advertised. 2.2.1 Stages of advertisement The major goal of advertising is to generate awareness of a business and its products. Once the business reputation is established and its products are positioned within the market, the amount of resources used for advertising will decrease as the consumer develops a kind of loyalty to the product. Targeting the audience, product concept, communication media, and advertising message are the core elements of an advertising strategy, and are often referred to as the creative mix. Again, what most advertisers stress from the beginning is clear planning and flexibility. And key to these aims is creativity, and the ability to adapt to new market trends. Target consumer is a complex combination of persons. It includes the person who ultimately buys the product, as well as those who decide what product will be bought (but dont physically buy it), and those who influence product purchases, such as children, spouse, and friends. In order to identify the target consumer, the following should be considered; Demographics(Age, gender, job, income, ethnicity, and hobbies.), Behaviors (awareness of the business and its competition, the type of vendors and services the consumer uses, and the types of appeals that are likely to convince the consumer to give the advertisers product or service a chance.), Needs and Desires (determine consumer needs in practical and self-image terms.) The product concept grows out of the guidelines established in the positioning statement. How the product is positioned within the market will dictate the kind of values the product represents, and thus how the target consumer will receive that product. Therefore, it is important to remember that no product is just itself, but, as Courtland L. Bovee and William F. Arens stated in Contemporary Advertising, a bundle of values that the consumer needs to be able to identify with. Whether couched in presentations that emphasize sex, humor, romance, science, masculinity, or femininity, the consumer must be able to believe in the products representation. The communication media is the means by which the advertising message is transmitted to the consumer. In addition to marketing objectives and budgetary restraints, the characteristics of the target consumer need to be considered as an advertiser decides what media to use. Advertisers can choose from the following media categories such as Print, Video, World Wide Web, Direct mail, outdoor advertising-Billboards, advertisements on public transportation (cabs, buses). After deciding on the medium that is 1) financially in reach and 2) most likely to reach the target audience, an advertiser needs to schedule the broadcasting of that advertising. The media schedule, as defined by Hills, is the combination of specific times (for example, by day, week, and month) when advertisements are inserted into media vehicles and delivered to target audiences. An advertising message is guided by the advertising or copy platform, which is a combination of the marketing objectives, copy, art, and production values. This combination is best realized after the target consumer has been analyzed, the product concept has been established, and the media and vehicles have been chosen. At this point, the advertising message can be directed at a very concrete audience to achieve very specific goals. Hiam and Schewe listed three major areas that an advertiser should consider when endeavoring to develop an effective advertising platform: the unique features of the products, how consumers will evaluate the product, rank of competitors in the eyes of the consumer, their weaknesses in their positions and their strengths. Copy: When composing advertising copy, it is crucial to remember that the primary aim is to communicate information about the business and its products and services. Many companies utilize a theme or a slogan as the center piece of such efforts, emphasizing major attributes of the businesss products or services in the process. But as Hiam and Schewe caution, while something must be used to animate the theme †¦care must be taken not to lose the underlying message in the pursuit of memorable advertising. Art work and layout: Small business owners also need to consider the visual rhetoric of the advertisement, which simply means that the entire advertisement, including blank space, should have meaning and logic. Most industry experts recommend that advertisers use short paragraphs, lists, and catchy illustrations and graphics to break up and supplement the text and make the document both visually inviting and easy to understand. Remember, an advertisement has to capture the readers attention quickly. 2.2.2 Internet advertising Internet advertising is a message delivered to people by placing adverts on Search engines, Social networking websites such as Facebook, e-mails, pop ups etc. These adverts can be seen by the whole world and are not limited to a geographical region. In this same respect, adverts are meant for the mass and there are many users of internet worldwide so the message gets spread widely and quickly thereby reaching people of different cultures and beliefs. Some of the people might be uninterested because the signs or symbols used violate their cultures. E-mails are also sent to people who are either not interested or are not located geographically in areas accessible to the products. 2.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of internet ads The most common item that determines advantages of a product or service lies in its cost. Internet advertising packages could be available at very low costs (10 dollars per monthly subscription). Trouble free relativity could also be a great advantage internet advertisement has over other media ads, to the user and the producer, all which is needed is first of all a PC then internet service, through which you can either design a site or survey advert sites. It is could also be noticed that with internet advertisement, when advertisers get to know the age group, taste, and sex of consumers who most frequently survey their ads, site owners could easily and quickly update their pages to current consumer needs compared to other media ads which could do so only periodically. Market presentation is also easy with internet ad, product or service is designed for the younger generation or the corporate world are easily viewed by this class of persons as they make the greater proportion of int ernet users and the greatest proportion of consumers. Though a multiple advantages make internet advertisement favorable, some disadvantages could still be noticed. Internet advertisement is made better with professional help and these additional costs make some ads more expensive than others. It is disadvantageous to use only the internet as advertising medium because there are a hand full of persons who can not gain access to this new technology or they just dont have the trust in these internet ads. 2.3 Broad band connections in Hungary and Nigeria Broadband connection is a new concept used, in place of dial up connections. Broadband internet connection is faster and offers a host of advantages in them. The speed is usually faster than a dial up connection, which facilitates many operations at a time in for example watching many online live shows and movie downloads etc. There are various types of broadband offered nowadays. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ASDL), Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), cable, wireless, satellite, Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) etc are some common types. Hungarys internet providers provide their services using a number of broadband which include DSL, Cable broadband, ADSL2+ and Wireless broadband. The broad band is distributed through multiple distribution channels namely; UPC, T-Kabel, Fibernet and DIGI. Hungarys broadband market experiences strong growth, Cable broadband is widely available due to the network penetration of the countrys cable operators. The broadband market as a whole experiences a significant growth as the regulators have reduced access tariffs and have introduced a wholesale system based on retail tariffs to ensure suitable margin for alternative operators. Digital cable services have been launched by a handful of the smaller cable operators and the countrys Direct To Home (DTH) market is showing fresh signs of life. The Internet access sector in Hungary constitutes the total revenues generated by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from the provision of narrowband and broadband Internet connections through both consumer and corporate channels. Similar to Hungary, Nigeria uses ADSL, cable and wireless broadband services which are rapidly replacing the formal dial up access method. Market penetration is still low leaving room for necessary growth. Nigerians connect to the internet in many ways through Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) links, Wireless microwave links internet access and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) access. Many of these sessions are through internet cafes as very few Nigerians have their own personal computers. Mobile operators are strongly gaining growth by providing Nigerians to access the internet through mobile devices. Such service providers are; MTN, Celtel, and Glo Mobile providing internet, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA all across the nation. 2.4 Technical aspects of internet usage in Nigeria and Hungary Internet usage is regarded with direct reflection of the total countrys population. This would be termed the percentage rate of penetration which relates to the number of internet users per square feet of the population. Public cyber cafe of various shades and sizes are the most common method of access individuals have to the internet. In addition to that, there are internet service providers delivering direct access to individuals and businesses on a variety of platforms. There is widespread availability in urban centres, and fairly good availability in smaller towns most recently, mobile phone lines such as MTN, Celtel, and Glo Mobile provide internet, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA all across the nation, it is almost amazing to find internet access in some of the most remote locations in the country. According to an issue in trade invest Nigeria onBroadband in Nigeria: The revolution is coming by Jaco Maritzs; posted on Sunday, March 16th 2008, Nigerians connect to the internet in many ways but 53% of connections are made through Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) links. Wireless microwave links account for 19% of internet access and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) access are estimated to be only 14%. Many of these sessions are through internet cafes as very few Nigerians have their own personal computers. National Bureau of Statistics figures show that in 2006 less than 10% of internet users had access from the workplace and less than 4% from the home. Only 1.3% of the population own personal computers. Nigerian internet users are aged between 11 and 40 with a greater part of this population being students, business persons, and to a lower extent, the public functions giving a 7.4 % total internet population penetration. (See appendix Diagram N2) In Hungary, other than the traditional activities of the internet (emailing, browsing, reading journals online), a greater extent of Internet users use it for the leisure function of the web, job search and application, internet purchases, watching or listening to news, entertainment purposes as well. Users in Hungary vary between the ages of 10 and 69 summing a total of 34.9% internet rate of penetration. 55% of these users use the online voice transmission in communication and chatting, at least 33 percent have tried to watch television via the internet. The number of people using internet at home increases considerably, from 23% in 2007 to 28% in 2008 and 41% in 2009. Having access to the internet does not necessarily imply using it as of the 46% of home owners 10 % of them do not use it at all. (See appendix Diagram H3) 2.5 Marketing in Hungary and Nigeria Advertising is in respect to marketing, that is; people advertise to make known their products and hence gain marketing ground; therefore a vivid understanding of marketing is necessary. Customer satisfaction, as a construct, has been fundamental to marketing for over three decades and every advertisement tries to comply with this logic. As far back as 1960s, satisfying the needs and desires of the consumer stands as the definition of marketing â€Å"Keith 1960†. Interest in customer satisfaction increased through out the years till date. Several studies have shown that it costs about five times to gain a new customer as it does to keep an existing customer and these results into more interest in customer relationships (Naumann, 1995). Companies now have big investment in database marketing, relationship management and customer planning to move closer to their customers â€Å"Hill and Alexander (2000)†. These definitions demonstrate that increasing customer satisfaction affects companies directly, increases their market shares which lead to improved profits, positive recommendation, lower marketing expenditures and greatly impacts company corporate image and hence enhances their survival. The relevance of these definitions to this study indicates that customers access the internet services based on experience of use and rating is done in accordance with the internet services attributes. In this study, customer satisfaction in the Nigerian and Hungarian markets will be evaluated based on customers usage and their reaction to internet advertisements, experience of network quality, billing, validity period and customer care support. By Marketing Penetration we imply where a company expands market share in an existing market byusing existing products which could be done in 4 main ways. 1. Persuade existing customers to buy more of the same product, thiscan be done buy promotions such as 3 for 2. This make the customerfeel as if they are getting more for their money, and hopefullycould stop them from switching to alternative brands. 2. Attracting new customers to products. This can be done buyimproving the image of the product, new packaging, reducing price,or buy giving a % extra free. 3. Poaching customers from competitors. Buy reducing price, givingfreebies, and a % extra free with the product. Doing this couldincrease your market share and reduce your competitors. 4. Withdrawing other products. Buy withdrawing less profitableproducts, similar products can become more profitable, and sellmore. Marketing through internet advertising targets all already existing consumers and expected consumers both to cultivate lasting customer relationships. The internet provides a new and cheap channel for marketing through advertising. Once in the internet any customer is able to see an advert posted and many are willing to place orders via the internet by sending emails directly to the web host. According to Armstrong et al (2005), the internet is an excellent channel for communication with customers on individual basis because of its immediate and direct interaction capability. From companys point of view, a companycan enter the cyber marketing world without theintervention of any intermediaries simply by buying into the technology itself and by turning the medium into amarketing research as well as an advertising medium, interactive media also operates in territories not covered by a vendorssales force, therefore reaching the showroom and the sales pitch to the buyersremote locations simply by dropping it in the post. It can be agreed that internet marketing improves brand image of a company or products or both, hence it is a revenue earner, reliability of the country is very important for the success of internet marketing. Companies necessarily focus their internet marketing based on the gender difference and so make more money though Consumers remain uncertain. Internet marketing can be used successfully whether it is industrial products or consumer products. It is undisputable that online support is an important factor to make internet marketing a success. Companies and consumers agree that more user friendly, better key word matches would drive the future search engine marketing. 2.6 Pricing factor in internet advertising Prising in internet advertisement is a subject which can not be under minded as it involves the reason for advertising (both the advertiser and the consumer) each product or service advertised carries a different parameters depending on the desires of the individual consumer who finally decides on his/her preferences. After this determining factor of attribute parameter of product, the price becomes a relevant factor. Price is a parameter of buyers decision that can not be overlooked, further more, when a characteristic is considered more important than price in making a purchase decision, then its value is considered to be a requirement for purchase, but if the intended characteristic is considered less important than price, then acceptable range can be seen as preference rather than requirement (Joan Morris and Paul P. Maglio, 2001) Therefore, price is a general determinant for especially price sensitive consumers. Internet advertisers have different pricing techniques to attract new buyers and at the same time maintain already existing consumers which is based on consumer characteristic and the dynamically nature of demand and supply. Some of such frequently used pricing techniques are: Dynamic pricing As the term indicates, it is the dynamic adjustment of prices to consumers depending on the value attributed to product or service by these same consumers. By making provisions for affordable prices for certain products, this system instigates optimal results for consumers and hence enhances maximum sales to those selling. With internet marketing, there exists an evident shift from fixed pricing to dynamic pricing with greater competition existing against the formal and still existing traditional marketing system. Price differentiation It is a process whereby the same product of different units is sold at different prices to different consumers. With price differentiation, prices differ with the number of units sold. This could involve group pricing, discount pricing etc. With price differentiation, companies decrease the suitability of their products and services by customising their offers to the requirements of specific customers or market segment. This provides the customer with an advantage to purchase the said product or service. Using these pricing techniques enables the consumer to purchase a product by stating his or her own price, considering the suitability of the product in question. The right price in the market can not be easily determined, prices are competitive and this directly influences price sensitive consumers who have the tendency to fall for the most appreciated prices during their purchases. The best price in internet market does not only consider the price established by the producer or seller but also that requested by the buyer or consumer. Internet marketing offers the opportunity for companies to test prices, segment customers and adjust to change in supply and demand (Efraim Turban et Al. 2006) to consumers these pricing techniques are advantageous in the sense that consumers have the opportunity to find unique items and collectibles, consumers remain unanimous, internet market creates a bargaining atmosphere enabling the consumer to opt for the most affordable price, it is more convenient as consumer is not obliged to change location to execute a purchase and for the producers, they gain more customers by offering more items directly, it enhances maximum sales which is a fundamental base of every business, it improves customer relationship and customer loyalty to already existing customers. 2.7 Factors influencing intern

Cultural Analysis of The Coldest Winter Ever Essay -- essays research

The Coldest Winter Ever   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born Lisa Williamson in 1964, Sister Souljah is a hip-hop artist that burst to the forefront of mainstream media in 1992 when she was criticized by then Presidential candidate Bill Clinton for saying â€Å"If Black people kill black people every day, why not have a week and kill white people?† Clinton was trying to prove to other Democrats that he did not sympathize with the organization that Souljah was a member of. She basically said Bill Clinton and went on to sign music and publishing contracts. She has become one of the more passionate and articulate voices to emerge speaking for young African Americans in the United States. She has written and published to works: No Disrespect, and autobiographical account of Souljah’s life, and The Coldest Winter Ever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Coldest Winter Ever tells of the story of a young woman named Winter. She was born into a family drug operation. Her father was a drug kingpin. Winter never knew about struggles in life. She always had the best of the best; everyone wanted to be like her. This was all taken away when her father’s operation is busted and he goes to jail for the rest of his life. Winter, who has never known poverty, is faced with trying to survive while attempting to continue living in the extravagance to which she has become accustomed. The story follows Winter from the time she is fifteen until she is about twenty-five, in prison serving time for a crime for possessing drugs that belonged to her boyfriend. The story ends with Winter still in jail, not the usual happy ending that accompanies fictional novels. This real life ending is the most important aspect of this novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Karl Marx argues in The German Ideology that material allows for more culture. Material is the road to true humanity. These materials are not only those things that we possess, such as cars, clothes, and houses, but also material that we gain through life experience itself. Winter defines her life by material. For her, money is God. She begins referencing her material items at once, from the diamond ring set in 24-karat gold she received the day she was born, to the diamond tennis bracelet she received on her sixteenth birthday, to the designer clothes she wore that no one else had or could afford. Even after she has no money because of he... .... International Publishers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2004. Rosteck, Thomas. â€Å"Subject Positions as a Site of Rhetorical Struggle: Representing African   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Americans.† At the Intersection: Cultural Studies and Rhetorical Studies. The Guilford   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press. New York. 1999. Sheldon, Randall G. â€Å"The History of Criminal Justice from a Critical Perspective.† Controlling   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Dangerous Classes: A Critical Introduction to the History of Criminal Justice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2001.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sister Souljah. The Coldest Winter Ever. Pocket Books, a Division of Simon and Schuster Inc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Americas, NY. 1999. Sister Souljah. No Disrespect. Vintage Books, a Division of Random House. New York. 1994. Storey, John. â€Å"Fiction.† Cultural Studies and the Study of Popluar Culture second edition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athens, Georgia. University of Georgia Press. 2003. Woodson, Carter G. The Mis-Education of the Negro. Trenton, NJ. Africa World Press, Inc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  March 1998.

Ph Balance in Human Body

As we all know every solution is either acid or alkaline. Alkaline is often called base. These solutions can be anything from body fluids, to fruits, vegetables, seawater, beverages you name it. Acid and alkaline is measured in pH. It starts as low as zero being very acidic and works its way up to fourteen being the most basic. The pH of our stomach is 2, obviously to digest food, wine is 3. 5,water is 7(neutral), arterial blood is 7. , and seawater is 8. 5. Baking soda is 12. Virtually all-degenerative disease including cancer, heart disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, kidney and gall stones and tooth decay are associated with excess acidity in the body. The amazing self-healing body will always work to neutralize the pH in the body by withdrawing acid and alkaline minerals from other locations including bones, soft tissues. The pH of saliva offers a window through which you can see the overall pH balance in your body.Acid rain, which is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic and can destroy an entire forest, so you can only imagine how much acid solution can destroy our delicate internal organs of the muscles and tissues. When we drink and eat alkalized foods we are making deposits in our bodies that work as antioxidants. When we eat or drink acidic food we are making withdrawals from the body. The goal is to eat 80% alkalized foods verse 20% acidic food, which is the reverse of the standard American today.Point being you can see where the problem lies here in our country. It’s become a lifestyle to eat highly fat, high sugar diet, also including unlimited amounts of prescription and non prescription drugs which are one of the most highly toxic substances you can put in your system. Another one of the leading causes to acidity in the body is emotional stress. Negative emotions cause so much acid in the body that its one of the leading causes to illness.Not to mention all sorts of meats that are highly processed with growth hormo nes and antibiotics, to milk that is pasteurized and homogenized being extremely acidic causing inflammation in the colon to not enough exercise, to not getting the proper amount of daily sunlight that provides you with the highest level of necessary vitamin D. The list can go on forever. What is the only food that has the ability to absorb light and energy from the sun and transmit this energy to our bodies?If you were to observe the molecular structure of the human blood and chlorophyll you would see that they are almost exactly the same, just the chlorophyll has magnesium in the center, and the hemoglobin is iron. When the sun hits the plants, the energy is captured into the chlorophyll in to green food energy. That brings us to natures simple formula, when we eat green food and drink green drinks; this becomes a part of our blood. Its so out of our habit to go and eat the necessary amounts of fruits and vegetables today due to how convenient fast food has become for us.Its more difficult to eat healthier now, and that’s why when you see people around the world who come to America instantly start to gain weight, even though they were eating the exact same diet back in their home country. My goal is to try and influence as many people as I can to try and take care of their bodies, for that’s our way of showing thanks to our existence to this beautiful life we have. To be able to live life in freedom of health to have the ability to experience the wide rage of opportunities that is out there for us.